Amaqela alishumi aphezulu e-aluminium ehlabathini:

1. I-Chinalco

I-Chinalco Corporation (Chinalco) yenye yezona nkampani zinkulu kwihlabathi ezivelisa i-alumina kunye ne-electrolytic aluminium kwaye iphakathi kweenkokheli zehlabathi kwishishini le-aluminium. Ayigcini nje ngokulawula imakethi yasekhaya, kodwa ikwahlola iimarike zamazwe ngamazwe ngenkampani yayo engaphantsi kwe-China Aluminium Corporation yaseTshayina (Chalco). I-Chinalco ayijolisi nje kuphela kwimveliso nasekucutshungulweni kwe-aluminium, kodwa ikwabandakanya nobhedu, izinyithi ezinqabileyo kunye neminye imimandla, ngokuthe ngcembe iba yinkampani enkulu yezemigodi eyahlukeneyo.

2. China Hongqiao Group

I-China iHongqiao yeyona mveliso inkulu ye-aluminium emhlabeni kwaye inyuke ngokukhawuleza ngexesha elifutshane ngenxa yezakhono zayo zokuvelisa ezingabizi kakhulu nezisebenzayo. Ngokudibanisa ngokuthe nkqo, inkampani ilawula uthotho olupheleleyo lwemizi-mveliso ukusuka kwi-bauxite, i-alumina ukuya kwi-aluminium ye-electrolytic, ngomlinganiselo omkhulu wemveliso kunye nokhuphiswano oluqinileyo kwimarike.

3. URusal

I-RUSAL yinkampani yesibini ngobukhulu emhlabeni evelisa i-aluminium kwaye inekomkhulu layo eRashiya. Le nkampani ayinazo nje kuphela izixhobo ezininzi kwicandelo le-bauxite kunye ne-alumina, kodwa ikwanayo netekhnoloji yokucubungula i-aluminium ehamba phambili kwihlabathi. Iimveliso zeRusal zisetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini ahlukeneyo kuquka i-aerospace, iimoto kunye nokwakha.

4. IRio Tinto

I-Rio Tinto yenye yeenkampani ezinkulu zemigodi kwihlabathi kwaye ikwadlala indima ebalulekileyo kwishishini le-aluminium. Ishishini le-aluminium le-Rio Tinto lenziwa ikakhulu yinkampani engaphantsi kwayo i-Rio Tinto Alcan, equka ukwembiwa kwe-bauxite, ukucocwa kwe-alumina kunye nokuveliswa kwe-aluminium ephambili, egubungela lonke uthotho lweshishini le-aluminium.

5. I-Alcoa

Njengenye yezona nkampani zinkulu ze-aluminium emhlabeni, i-Alcoa inamandla obuchwephesha kunye nesabelo semarike kwicandelo le-bauxite, i-alumina kunye neemveliso ze-aluminium. I-Alcoa ineendawo ezininzi zemveliso kwihlabathi liphela, kwaye iimveliso zayo ze-aluminium zisetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini eenqwelo moya, ezokwakha kunye nezokupakisha.

6. I-National Aluminium Corporation yaseIndiya (iNalco)

INalco yenye yezona mveliso zinkulu ze-aluminium eIndiya, enezixhobo ezininzi ze-bauxite kunye nezakhono zokuvelisa i-alumina. Le nkampani inesabelo esikhulu kwiimarike zehlabathi ze-bauxite kunye ne-alumina kwaye ikhuthaza ngokukhutheleyo ukuhlanganiswa okuphezulu nokusezantsi kwekhonkco leshishini le-aluminium.

7. I-Norwegian Hydro

I-Norwegian Hydro yinkampani ye-aluminium enembali engaphezu kweminyaka eli-100 kwaye isebenza kwihlabathi liphela. Le nkampani ayigcini nje ngokuba nesikhundla esibalulekileyo kumasimi e-bauxite kunye ne-alumina, kodwa ikwakhokela ishishini kwimveliso ye-aluminium ezinzileyo kwaye ikhuthaza uphuhliso lweshishini le-aluminium eluhlaza.
Ukuzibophelela ekuveliseni izinto ezintsha ekucutshungulweni kwe-aluminium akuxhasi nje kuphela ukukhula koqoqosho kodwa kuhambelana neenjongo zokuzinza kwehlabathi. Njengoko iTshayina iqhubeka nokugcina isikhundla sayo esiphambili kweli candelo, impembelelo kwiimarike zasekhaya nezamazwe ngamazwe inzulu, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba IiAluminiyam zeAluminiyam iza kuba phambili kuphuhliso lwemizi-mveliso kwixesha elizayo.

8. I-Alumina Limited

I-Alumina Limited yenye yezona mveliso ziphambili ze-bauxite kunye ne-alumina kwihlabathi kwaye ikwimarike yehlabathi ye-aluminium ngentsebenziswano yayo neRio Tinto kunye ne-Alcoa. Isiseko sayo esiphambili semveliso sikwi-Australia, kwaye yandisa ishishini lamazwe ngamazwe ngokusebenzisa ii-joint ventures.

9. Emirates Global Aluminium (EGA)

I-EGA yenye yezona mveliso zinkulu ze-aluminium kuMbindi Mpuma, igxile ekuvelisweni nasekuthunyelweni kwamanye amazwe kweemveliso ze-aluminium ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bemveliso obuphambili kunye notyalo-mali olukhulu, inkampani iye yathatha indawo ebalulekileyo kwimarike yehlabathi ye-aluminium, ngakumbi kwiimarike zaseAsia naseYurophu.

10. Izixhobo zeVedanta eIndiya

Njengenye yeenkampani zezixhobo ezahlukeneyo eIndiya, imisebenzi ye-aluminium yeVedanta Resources ibandakanya ukumbiwa kwe-bauxite, ukucocwa kwe-alumina kunye nokuveliswa kwe-aluminium ephambili. Le nkampani iye yandisa ngamandla ubukho bayo kwihlabathi liphela kwishishini le-aluminium kwiminyaka yakutshanje.
Ishishini le-aluminium kwihlabathi liphela lilawulwa ngamaqela amakhulu aliqela, aquka inxalenye enkulu yemveliso ye-aluminium kwihlabathi liphela. Ngokusekelwe kwiingxelo zoshishino kunye nezibalo kwiminyaka yakutshanje, oku kulandelayo luqikelelo lwesabelo semarike samaqela alishumi aphezulu e-aluminium kwihlabathi liphela kwishishini le-aluminium kwihlabathi liphela:
1. I-Chinalco: Njengomnye wabavelisi be-aluminium abakhulu kwihlabathi, i-Chinalco ibandakanya malunga ne-10%-12% yemveliso ye-aluminium kwihlabathi liphela.
2. Iqela laseTshayina iHongqiao: IHongqiao yeyona mveliso inkulu ye-aluminium ehlabathini, inesabelo semarike esimalunga ne-12%-14%, kwaye ikhokela kwihlabathi liphela.
3. I-Rusal: I-Rusal ivelisa malunga ne-6%-7% yemveliso ye-aluminium kwihlabathi liphela kwaye ngumvelisi wesibini ngobukhulu we-aluminium kwihlabathi.
4. I-Rio Tinto: I-Rio Tinto, ngeNkampani yayo yeAluminiyam, ivelisa malunga ne-10% yemveliso ye-aluminium kwihlabathi liphela. 5%-6%.
5. I-Alcoa: Isabelo semarike yehlabathi ye-Alcoa simalunga ne-4%-5%.
6. I-National Aluminium Corporation of India (Nalco): INalco ithatha i-2%-3% yemarike ye-aluminium yehlabathi.
7. INorsk Hydro**: Isabelo semarike seHydro simalunga ne-3%-4%.
8. Inkampani yeAluminiyam yase-Australia (iAlumina Limited): I-Alumina Limited kunye namaqabane ayo banesabelo semarike esiphantse sibe yi-2%-3%.
9. I-Emirates Global Aluminium (EGA): I-EGA ithatha i-3%-4% yemarike yehlabathi.
10. Izixhobo zeVedanta zaseIndiya: Izixhobo zeVedanta zenza i-1%-2% yemarike ye-aluminium yehlabathi.

Amaqela alishumi aphezulu e-aluminium xa edibene enza malunga ne-50%-60% yemveliso ye-aluminium ephambili kwihlabathi liphela. Abavelisi be-aluminium baseTshayina, abanjengoChinalco kunye neChina Hongqiao, banegalelo malunga ne-30% yemveliso ye-aluminium yehlabathi ngenxa yemfuno enkulu yemarike yaseTshayina kunye namandla emveliso. Iinkampani eziseleyo zivela eRashiya, eYurophu, eMelika, eMbindi Mpuma nakwezinye iindawo, ezenza isakhelo esiphambili soshishino lwe-aluminium lwehlabathi.
Ezi nkampani azigcini nje ngokuba phakathi kwezona ziphezulu kwihlabathi liphela ngokwemveliso ye-aluminium kunye nesabelo semarike, kodwa ziyaqhubeka nokuvelisa izinto ezintsha kuphando nophuhliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kweemveliso ze-aluminium, zikhuthaza uphuhliso lulonke lweshishini le-aluminium.